![]() In this review, we focus on three key areas that are contributing to this understanding: the sound features that are preferentially represented by cortical neurons, the spatial organization of those preferences, and the cognitive roles of the auditory cortex. Thus, in addition to being the locus for more complex sound selectivity, the auditory cortex is increasingly understood to be an integral part of the network of brain regions responsible for prediction, auditory perceptual decision-making, and learning. Furthermore, recent work has shown that auditory cortical processing is highly context-dependent, integrates auditory inputs with other sensory and motor signals, depends on experience, and is shaped by cognitive demands, such as attention. Although many of the properties of neurons in the auditory cortex resemble those of subcortical neurons, they show somewhat more complex selectivity for sound features, which is likely to be important for the analysis of natural sounds, such as speech, in real-life listening conditions. The specific contribution of the auditory cortex to this chain of processing is far from understood. the inferior parietal lobule is one of the last structures to mature, which may explain why children typically do not begin to read and write until they are 5 or 6 years old.Our ability to make sense of the auditory world results from neural processing that begins in the ear, goes through multiple subcortical areas, and continues in the cortex.this lobule may help classify and label things, which is a prerequisite for forming concepts and thinking abstractly.cells in this region are multimodal (i.e., they respond to many different kinds of stimuli).the inferior parietal lobule is located at the junction of, and is connected to the auditory, visual, and somatosensory cortexes.recent imaging studies have shown that the inferior parietal lobule (angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus = Geschwind's territory) is connected by large bundles of nerve fibres to both Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area, providing by a second, parallel route for language production in addition to the general language pathway.this process of articulating specific words (i.e., issues of syntax and grammar) must be merged with emotional context (i.e., prosody), which is processed by the corresponding anatomical regions in the non-dominant (right) hemisphere.output from Broca's area goes to motor cortex (4) for control of the voluntary muscles required to speak or write words.Broca's area (3) is responsible for production of meaningful language. ![]() Wernicke's area connects to Broca's area (posterior inferior frontal lobe) via the arcuate fasciculus.language input from visual or auditory cortex (1) goes first to Wernicke's area (posterior temporal lobe) (2), which performs the final stages of language comprehension. ![]()
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